In this lesson, we will discuss the elements of good governance, primarily transparency, accountability, and rule of law.

Good governance is generally associated with political, economic and social goals that are deemed necessary for achieving development. Hence, good governance is the process whereby public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public resources in a manner that promotes the rule of law and the realization of human rights. 

The United Nations identifies good governance with political systems that are

1. consistent with the rule of law;
2. transparent;
3. participatory;
4. responsive;
5. consensus-oriented;
6. equitable and inclusive;
7. effective and efficient; and
8. accountable.

Good governance is tightly linked to the fight against corruption. Accordingly, some of the core principles of good governance are also principles of anti-corruption, namely: transparency, accountability, and the rule of law.

What is Transparency? 

Transparency is a situation in which information about a decision-making process is made publicly available and can easily be verified both in terms of the rules and the identities of the decision makers. It increases the probability of detection of corruption because it lowers the information barrier, allowing for scrutiny and monitoring. It facilitates public involvement by increasing the opportunities for citizens to influence government spending, policies and decision-making.

What is Social Accountability?  

Social accountability means that civil servants, public officials, and service providers are held accountable to the public for their conduct and performance. It is about involving citizens and communities in the processes of governance so that decisions of those in power are made public and can be questioned. This not only improves governance but also leads to better service delivery and to community empowerment. Effective communication and information makes it possible for people to participate in project development and implementation and are crucial to social accountability.

What is Rule of Law?

The rule of law is a set of principles, or ideals, for ensuring an orderly and just society. Ensuring the primacy of the rule means no one is above the law and everyone is treated equally under the law. All citizens, regardless of position or authority, will have to follow the same laws, that there are clear and fair processes for enforcing and human rights are guaranteed for all.